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This week I ran into an oversubcription issue on an ASA5550. To alleviate the issue, we followed the recommendations below from Cisco. I am including some of the conditions I saw before the change. Keyword is Alleviate, depending on your traffic rates you might resolve the problem going this route. In other cases, you would just have to get a second pair or firewalls to segregatetraffic or just upgrade to 10GB. The best way to determine this is to place a sniffer between the ASA and drill down as close to the microsecond to see the microbursts on the line and data rate patterns.
Maximizing Throughput (ASA 5550)

The ASA 5550 has two internal buses providing copper Gigabit Ethernet and fiber Gigabit Ethernet connectivity. For Slot 1 (Bus 1), you can use either the copper ports or the fiber ports. The copper ports are enabled by default.

For maximum throughput, configure the ASA so that traffic is distributed equally between the two buses. Lay out the network so that traffic enters through one bus and exits through the other.

For example, the following figure shows the ASA configured so that traffic from the unsecure network and the secure network is evenly distributed between Bus 0 and Bus 1. Traffic from hosts on the secured network flows through interface 0/0 on Bus 0 to hosts on the unsecured network. Traffic from hosts on the unsecured network flows through interface 1/0 on Bus 1 to hosts on the secured network.

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/asa/quick_start/5500/5500_quick_start.html#wp35995

On the ASA you can issue the show traffic command and near the end of the output you will see the following output. Ideally you would want this to be balance. In this case, both of the oversubscribed interfaces were both on Slot 0.

Show Traffic
----------------------------------------
Per Slot Throughput Profile (1 minute)
----------------------------------------
Packets-per-second profile:
Slot 0: 12654 89% ********************************************
Slot 1: 1603 11% *****
Bytes-per-second profile:
Slot 0: 1649003 76% **************************************
Slot 1: 511183 24% ************
On the interface level, you would see the Underruns counter increment along with the Overruns counter (See below). To try and alleviate or resolve this issue move one of the ports to Gi1/X and mmonitor it over a few days.
Per Cisco:

Interface overruns, no bufferand underruns often show that the firewall cannot process all the traffic it isreceiving on its NIC. Overruns and no buffers indicate that input traffic istoo much on a given interface. The interface maintains a receive ring wherepackets are stored before they are processed by the ASA. If the NIC isreceiving traffic faster than the ASA can pull them off the receive ring, thepacket will be dropped and either the no buffer or overrun counter willincrement. Underruns behavior similarly but deal with the transmit ringinstead.

ASA5550/act# show interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Interface GigabitEthernet0/0 'HH', is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is i82546GB rev03, BW 1000 Mbps, DLY 10 usec
Auto-Duplex(Full-duplex), Auto-Speed(1000 Mbps)
Input flow control is unsupported, output flow control is off
Description: 6509
MAC address 6400.f182.6770, MTU 1500
IP address 192.168.168.2, subnet mask 255.255.255.248
56937880 packets input, 12657181986 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
831 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 831 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 pause input, 0 resume input
0 L2 decode drops
33686564 packets output, 5457717040 bytes, 577125 underruns
0 pause output, 0 resume output
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 late collisions, 0 deferred
0 input reset drops, 0 output reset drops, 0 tx hangs
input queue (blocks free curr/low): hardware (255/230)
output queue (blocks free curr/low): hardware (255/0)
Traffic Statistics for 'HH':
56937881 packets input, 11616408550 bytes
34263689 packets output, 5097504222 bytes
12365 packets dropped

ASA5550/act# show interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Interface GigabitEthernet0/1 'HM', is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is i82546GB rev03, BW 1000 Mbps, DLY 10 usec
Auto-Duplex(Full-duplex), Auto-Speed(1000 Mbps)
Input flow control is unsupported, output flow control is off
Description: 6509
MAC address 6400.f182.6771, MTU 1500
IP address 192.168.1.1 subnet mask 255.255.255.0
24794625 packets input, 4336231091 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 4648 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 pause input, 0 resume input
0 L2 decode drops
40981082 packets output, 3012528711 bytes, 1614642 underruns
0 pause output, 0 resume output
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 late collisions, 0 deferred
0 input reset drops, 0 output reset drops, 0 tx hangs
input queue (blocks free curr/low): hardware (255/230)
output queue (blocks free curr/low): hardware (255/0)
Traffic Statistics for 'HM':
23737668 packets input, 3724976676 bytes
42595724 packets output, 2342955016 bytes
6597 packets dropped

Abstract

The ThinkSystem SR650 is a mainstream 2U 2-socket server with industry-leading reliability, management, and security features, and is designed to handle a wide range of workloads.

New to the SR650 is support for up to 24 NVMe solid-state drives. With this support, the SR650 is an excellent choice for workloads that need large amounts of low-latency high-bandwidth storage, including virtualized clustered SAN solutions, software-defined storage, and applications leveraging NVMe over Fabrics (NVMeOF).

This article describes the three new configurations available for the SR650:

16 NVMe drives + 8 SAS/SATA drives
20 NVMe drives
24 NVMe drives

You can also learn about the offerings by watching the walk-through video below.

Change History

Changes in the April 16 update:

Noted which second-generation Intel Xeon processors are not supported - Ordering information section

Walk-through video with David Watts and Patrick Caporale

Introduction

The Lenovo ThinkSystem SR650 is a mainstream 2U 2-socket server with industry-leading reliability, management, and security features, and is designed to handle a wide range of workloads.

Figure 1. ThinkSystem SR650 with 24 NVMe drives

Three new configurations are now available:

16 NVMe drives + 8 SAS/SATA drives
20 NVMe drives
24 NVMe drives

NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) is a technology that overcomes SAS/SATA SSD performance limitations by optimizing hardware and software to take full advantage of flash technology. Intel Xeon processors efficiently transfer data in fewer clock cycles with the NVMe optimized software stack compared to the legacy AHCI stack, thereby reducing latency and overhead. NVMe SSDs connect directly to the processor via the PCIe bus, further reducing latency. NVMe drives are characterized by very high bandwidth and very low latency.

Ordering information

These configurations are available configure-to-order (CTO) in the Lenovo Data Center Solution Configurator (DCSC), https://dcsc.lenovo.com. The following table lists the feature codes related to the NVMe drive subsystem. The configurator will derive any additional components that are needed.

Field upgrades: The 20x NVMe and 24x NVMe drive configurations are also available as field upgrades as described in the Field upgrades section.

Table 1. Feature codes for CTO orders
Feature code	Description
PCIe Switch Adapters
B22D	ThinkSystem 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter (PCIe x8 adapter with four x4 drive connectors)
AUV2	ThinkSystem 1610-4P NVMe Switch Adapter (PCIe x16 adapter with four x4 drive connectors)
B4PA	ThinkSystem 1610-8P NVMe Switch Adapter (PCIe x16 adapter with four connectors to connect to eight drives)
NVMe Backplane
B4PC	ThinkSystem SR650 2.5' NVMe 8-Bay Backplane
Riser Cards
AUR3	ThinkSystem SR550/SR590/SR650 x16/x8 PCIe FH Riser 1 Kit (x16+x8 PCIe Riser for Riser 1, for 16 and 20-drive configurations)
B4PB	ThinkSystem SR650 x16/x8/x16 PCIe Riser1 (x16+x8+x16 PCIe Riser for Riser 1, for 24-drive configurations)
AURC	ThinkSystem SR550/SR590/SR650 (x16/x8)/(x16/x16) PCIe FH Riser 2 Kit (x16+x16 PCIe Riser for Riser 2, for all three configurations)

Note the following requirements for any of the three NVMe-rich configurations:

Two processors
No high-thermal processors:
- 200 W or 205 W TDP are not supported
- Gold 6126T, Gold 6144, Gold 6146, or Platinum 8160T processors are not supported
- Gold 6230N, Gold 6240Y, and Gold 6244 processors are not supported
No GPU adapters installed
No PCIe flash adapters installed
No PCIe adapters with more than 25 W TDP installed
1100 W or 1600 W power supplies installed.
Ambient temperature of up to 30 °C (86 °F)
If a fan fails and the ambient temperature is above 27 °C, system performance may be reduced.

Although not required, it is expected that these configurations will be fully populated with NVMe drives. Maximum performance is achieved when all NVMe drive bays are filled with drives.

To verify support and ensure that the right power supply is chosen for optimal performance, validate your server configuration using the latest version of the Lenovo Capacity Planner:
http://datacentersupport.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/lnvo-lcp

No Hw-module Slot 1 Oversubscription Port-group 1

Supported NVMe drives

See the ThinkSystem SR650 product guide for the complete list of NVMe drives that are supported in the server: https://lenovopress.com/lp0644#drives-for-internal-storage

The NVMe drives listed in the following table are not supported in the three NVMe-rich configurations.

Table 2. NVMe drives that are not supported in the 16, 20, and 24x NVMe drive configurations
Part number	Feature code	Description
Unsupported NVMe drives
7SD7A05770	B11L	ThinkSystem U.2 Intel P4600 6.4TB Mainstream NVMe PCIe3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD
7N47A00984	AUV0	ThinkSystem U.2 PM963 1.92TB Entry NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD
7N47A00985	AUUU	ThinkSystem U.2 PM963 3.84TB Entry NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD
7N47A00095	AUUY	ThinkSystem U.2 PX04PMB 960GB Mainstream NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD
7N47A00096	AUMF	ThinkSystem U.2 PX04PMB 1.92TB Mainstream NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD
7XB7A05923	AWG6	ThinkSystem U.2 PX04PMB 800GB Performance NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD
7XB7A05922	AWG7	ThinkSystem U.2 PX04PMB 1.6TB Performance NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD

Configuration 1: 16x NVMe drives + 8x SAS/SATA

The 16x NVMe drive configuration has the following features:

16 NVMe 2.5-inch drive bays plus eight SAS/SATA 2.5-inch drive bays. All drives are hot-swap from the front of the server (provided the operating system supports hot-swap).
The NVMe drives are connected to the processors either via NVMe Switch Adapters or via the onboard NVMe connectors on the system board of the server.
The eight SAS/SATA drive bays are connected to a supported 8-port RAID adapter or SAS HBA.
One PCIe x16 slot is available for high-speed networking such as a 100 GbE adapter, InfiniBand or OPA adapter. If you elect not to configure the eight SAS/SATA drive bays, then you can free up an additional x8 slot for a second networking adapter.
The LOM (LAN on Motherboard) slot is also available for 1Gb or 10Gb Ethernet connections. Supported LOM adapters are the following:
- ThinkSystem 1Gb 2-port RJ45 LOM
- ThinkSystem 1Gb 4-port RJ45 LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 2-port Base-T LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 2-port SFP+ LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 4-port Base-T LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 4-port SFP+ LOM
Additional support for one or two M.2 drives, if needed

The 16x NVMe drive configuration has the following performance characteristics:

Balanced NVMe configuration. In this 16-NVMe drive configuration, each processor is connected to 8 drives. Such a balanced configuration ensures maximum performance by ensuring the processors are equally occupied handling I/O requests to and from the NVMe drives.
No oversubscription. Lenovo NVMe drives connect using four PCIe lanes, and in this configuration, each drive is allocated 4 lanes from the processor. The 1:1 ratio means no oversubscription of the PCIe lanes from the processors and results in maximum NVMe drive bandwidth.

In the 16x NVMe drive configuration, the drive bays are configured as follows:

Bays 0-15: NVMe drives
Bays 16-23: SAS or SATA drives

The PCIe slots in the server are configured as follows:

Slot 1: 1610-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 2: Not present
Slot 3: Supported RAID adapter for SAS/SATA drives
Slot 4: 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 5: Available x16 slot
Slot 6: 1610-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 7 (internal slot): 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter

The front and rear views of the SR650 with 16x NVMe drives and 8x SAS/SATA drives is shown in the following figure.

Figure 2. SR650 front and rear views of the 16-NVMe drive configuration

The following figure shows a block diagram of how the PCIe lanes are routed from the processors to the NVMe drives.

Figure 3. SR650 block diagram of the 16-NVMe drive configuration

The details of the connections are listed in the following table.

Table 3. Drive connections
Drive bay	Drive type	Drive lanes	Adapter	Slot	Host lanes	CPU
0	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
1	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
2	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
3	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
4	NVMe	PCIe x4	1610-4P	Slot 6 (Riser 2)	PCIe x16	2
5	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
6	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
7	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
8	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 4 (vertical)	PCIe x8	1
9	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 4 (vertical)	PCIe x8	1
10	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 7 (internal)	PCIe x8	1
11	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 7 (internal)	PCIe x8	1
12	NVMe	PCIe x4	1610-4P	Slot 1 (Riser 1)	PCIe x16	1
13	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
14	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
15	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
16	SAS or SATA		RAID 8i	Slot 3 (Riser 1)	PCIe x8	1
17	SAS or SATA					1
18	SAS or SATA					1
19	SAS or SATA					1
20	SAS or SATA					1
21	SAS or SATA					1
22	SAS or SATA					1
23	SAS or SATA					1

Configuration 2: 20x NVMe drives

The 20x NVMe drive configuration has the following features:

20 NVMe 2.5-inch drive bays. All drives are hot-swap from the front of the server (provided the operating system supports hot-swap). The other 4 bays are unavailable and are covered by a 4-bay blank.
The NVMe drives are connected to the processors either via NVMe Switch Adapters or via the onboard NVMe connectors on the system board of the server.
One PCIe x8 slot is available for networking or other needs. The LOM (LAN on Motherboard) slot is also available for 1Gb or 10Gb Ethernet connections. Supported LOM adapters are the following:
- ThinkSystem 1Gb 2-port RJ45 LOM
- ThinkSystem 1Gb 4-port RJ45 LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 2-port Base-T LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 2-port SFP+ LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 4-port Base-T LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 4-port SFP+ LOM
Additional support for one or two M.2 drives, if needed

The 20x NVMe drive configuration has the following performance characteristics:

No oversubscription. Lenovo NVMe drives connect using four PCIe lanes, and in this configuration, each drive is allocated 4 lanes from the processor. The 1:1 ratio means no oversubscription of the PCIe lanes from the processors and results in maximum NVMe drive bandwidth.
Near-balanced NVMe configuration. Unlike the 16-drive and 24-drive configurations, that 20-drive configuration has eight NVMe drives connected to processor 1, and 12 NVMe drives connected to processor 2. As a result, we recommend you to only choose this configuration if you need the additional capacity that four drives provide above the 16-drive configuration, and your workload can fully operate without an equal number of drives connected to each processor.

The PCIe slots in the server are configured as follows:

Slot 1: 1610-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 2: Not present
Slot 3: Available x8 slot
Slot 4: 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 5: 1610-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 6: 1610-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 7 (internal slot): 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter

The front and rear views of the SR650 with 20x NVMe drives is shown in the following figure.

Figure 4. SR650 front and rear views of the 20-NVMe drive configuration

The following figure shows a block diagram of how the PCIe lanes are routed from the processors to the NVMe drives.

Figure 5. SR650 block diagram of the 20-NVMe drive configuration

The details of the connections are listed in the following table.

Table 4. Drive connections
Drive bay	Drive type	Drive lanes	Adapter	Slot	Host lanes	CPU
0	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
1	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
2	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
3	NVMe	PCIe x4	Onboard NVMe port	None	PCIe x8	2
4	NVMe	PCIe x4	1610-4P	Slot 6 (Riser 2)	PCIe x16	2
5	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
6	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
7	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
8	NVMe	PCIe x4	1610-4P	Slot 5 (Riser 2)	PCIe x16	2
9	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
10	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
11	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
12	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 4 (vertical)	PCIe x8	1
13	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 4 (vertical)	PCIe x8	1
14	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 7 (internal)	PCIe x8	1
15	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 7 (internal)	PCIe x8	1
16	NVMe	PCIe x4	1610-4P	Slot 1 (Riser 1)	PCIe x16	1
17	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
18	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
19	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
20	Blank bay - no connection
21	Blank bay - no connection
22	Blank bay - no connection
23	Blank bay - no connection

Configuration 3: 24x NVMe drives

The 24x NVMe drive configuration has the following features:

24 NVMe 2.5-inch drive bays. All drives are hot-swap from the front of the server (provided the operating system supports hot-swap).
The NVMe drives are connected to the processors via NVMe Switch Adapters. The onboard NVMe connectors are routed to a riser card installed in Riser slot 1.
Two x16 slots (one connected to each processor) are available for high-speed networking such as a 100 GbE adapter, InfiniBand or OPA adapter.
The LOM (LAN on Motherboard) slot is also available for 1Gb or 10Gb Ethernet connections. Supported LOM adapters are the following:
- ThinkSystem 1Gb 2-port RJ45 LOM
- ThinkSystem 1Gb 4-port RJ45 LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 2-port Base-T LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 2-port SFP+ LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 4-port Base-T LOM
- ThinkSystem 10Gb 4-port SFP+ LOM
Additional support for one or two M.2 drives, if needed

The 24x NVMe drive configuration has the following performance characteristics:

Balanced NVMe configuration. In this 24-NVMe drive configuration, each processor is connected to 12 drives. Such a balanced configuration provides maximum performance by ensuring the processors are equally occupied handling I/O requests to and from the NVMe drives.
2:1 oversubscription. Lenovo NVMe drives connect using four PCIe lanes, and in this configuration each drive is allocated 2 lanes from the processor, resulting in a 2:1 oversubscription of the PCIe lanes. With 24 drives, there are simply not enough PCIe lanes in a two-socket server to support no oversubscription. As a result, the design objective is to minimize the oversubscription while still maintaining balance across all lanes.
Balanced open slots. This configuration has two open PCIe x16 slots, one connected to each processor. These slots could be used for a pair of high-speed network cards and the result would be balanced configuration.

The PCIe slots in the server are configured as follows:

Slot 1: 1610-8P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 2: 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 3: Available x16 slot
Slot 4: 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 5: Available x16 slot
Slot 6: 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter
Slot 7 (internal slot): 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapter

The front and rear views of the SR650 with 24x NVMe drives is shown in the following figure.

Figure 6. SR650 front and rear views of the 24-NVMe drive configuration

The following figure shows a block diagram of how the PCIe lanes are routed from the processors to the NVMe drives.

Figure 7. SR650 block diagram of the 24-NVMe drive configuration

The details of the connections are listed in the following table.

No Hw-module Slot 1 Oversubscription

Table 5. Drive connections
Drive bay	Drive type	Drive lanes	Adapter	Slot	Host lanes	CPU
0	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 6 (Riser 2)	PCIe x8	2
1	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
2	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
3	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
4	NVMe	PCIe x4	1610-8P	Slot 1 (Riser 1)	PCIe x16 (from onboard NVMe ports)	2
5	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
6	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
7	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
8	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
9	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
10	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
11	NVMe	PCIe x4				2
12	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 4 (vertical)	PCIe x8	1
13	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
14	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
15	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
16	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 7 (internal)	PCIe x8	1
17	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
18	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
19	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
20	NVMe	PCIe x4	810-4P	Slot 2 (Riser 1)	PCIe x8	1
21	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
22	NVMe	PCIe x4				1
23	NVMe	PCIe x4				1

Field upgrades

The following two field upgrade option kits are available to upgrade existing SAS/SATA or AnyBay drive configurations based on the 24x 2.5' chassis (feature code AUVV) to either the 20-drive or 24-drive NVMe configurations.

Table 6. Field upgrades
Part number	Feature code	Description
4XH7A09819	B64L	ThinkSystem SR650 U.2 20-Bays Upgrade Kit
4XH7A08810	B64K	ThinkSystem SR650 U.2 24-Bays Upgrade Kit

Hw-module Slot 1 Oversubscription Port-group 1

These kits include drive backplanes and required NVMe cables, power cables, drive bay fillers, and NVMe switch adapters.

No 16-drive upgrade kit: There is no upgrade kit for the 16x NVMe drive configuration.

The ThinkSystem SR650 U.2 20-Bays Upgrade Kit includes the following components:

Two 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapters
Three 1610-4P NVMe Switch Adapters
One x16/x8 PCIe Riser for Riser 1
One x16/x16 PCIe Riser for Riser 2
Three 8-bay NVMe drive backplanes
One 4-bay drive bay filler
NVMe and power cables
Brackets and screws
Drive bay labels for the front bezel

The ThinkSystem SR650 U.2 24-Bays Upgrade Kit includes the following components:

Four 810-4P NVMe Switch Adapters
One 1610-8P NVMe Switch Adapter
One x16/x8/x16 PCIe Riser for Riser 1
One x16/x16 PCIe Riser for Riser 2
Three 8-bay NVMe drive backplanes
NVMe and power cables
Brackets and screws
Drive bay labels for the front bezel

Further information

For more information, see these resources:

ThinkSystem SR650 product guide
https://lenovopress.com/lp0644-lenovo-thinksystem-sr650-server
Product Guides for ThinkSystem NVMe drives:
https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/drives#term=nvme&rt=product-guide
Paper, Implementing NVMe Drives on Lenovo Servers
https://lenovopress.com/lp0508-implementing-nvme-drives-on-lenovo-servers
Paper, Comparing the Effect of PCIe Host Connections on NVMe Drive Performance
https://lenovopress.com/lp0865-comparing-the-effect-of-pcie-host-connections-on-nvme-drive-performance
Data Center Solution Configurator (DCSC) configurator
https://dcsc.lenovo.com/

Related product families

Product families related to this document are the following:

Trademarks

Lenovo and the Lenovo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both. A current list of Lenovo trademarks is available on the Web at https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/legal/copytrade/.

The following terms are trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both:
Lenovo®
AnyBay®
ThinkSystem

The following terms are trademarks of other companies:

Intel® and Xeon® are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries.

Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.